Grapefruit oil

Chemotypes :

The Citrus L. genus, which includes the vast majority of citrus fruits, contains a large number of varieties used in perfumery:

- Citrus × aurantium L.: Bitter orange tree, cultivated in Spain and Florida. Orange oil expressed (Bitter) / Orange oil (Bitter) / Petitgrain bigarade oil / Petitgrain bigarade absolute / Petitgrain oil (Paraguay) / Orange flower absolute (Bitter) / Orange flower concrete (Bitter) / Orange flower SFE (Bitter)
- Citrus × aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle: The lime tree, mostly cultivated in Mexico. Lime oil expressed / Lime oil distilled
- Citrus × bergamia Risso: The bergamot tree, a hybrid of lemon and bitter orange, cultivated for its fruit and petitgrain oils. Bergamot oil expressed / Petitgrain bergamot absolute.
- Citrus hystrix DC.: Kaffir lime, grown in Thailand and India. Kaffir lime oil.
- Citrus × junos Siebold ex Yu.Tanaka: Yuzu, produced in Japan and Korea. Yuzu oil / Citrus junos oil / Citrus junos extract
- Citrus × limon (L.) Burm.fil.: The lemon tree, cultivated in Italy for its fruit and leafy branches. Lemon oil / Lemon oil (distilled, rectified) / Petitgrain lemon oil
- Citrus × paradisi Macfad.: The grapefruit tree, of Malay origin, cultivated in Brazil and Israel for its fruit’s essential oil. Grapefruit oil / Grapefruit flower oil / Grapefruit oil expressed
- Citrus sinensis L.: The sweet orange tree, widely cultivated in Brazil and California, is the most used citrus in perfumery. Orange flower absolute (Sweet) / Orange flower concrete (Sweet) / Orange flower SFE (Sweet) / Orange cold pressed (Sweet)
- Citrus reticulata Blanco: The mandarin tree, especially cultivated in Italy for its fruit and petitgrain (leaf oil). Mandarin oil (red) / Mandarin oil (yellow) / Mandarin oil (green) / Petitgrain mandarin oil. Its hybrid with sweet orange gave rise to the clementine (Clementine oil).
- Citrus medica L.: The citron tree, grown in Sicily. Citron oil.

Extraction process :

Grapefruit is a fruit that can grow up to 15 centimetres in diameter. The cultivation of this fruit requires sunshine and great periods of heat.
The fruits are grown from January to June. A second harvest can happen if the weather conditions are favourable. Harvest can be done manually or mechanically according to the growers. In the case of a mechanical cultivation, a tractor passes between the tree rows to shake the fruits and collect them into a receptacle. The fruits are transported to the factory where they are sorted and washed with water.
The second step is to squeeze the essential oil of the citrus zest in a sfumatrice. Then, the essential oil and zest debris are washed away to a centrifuge to separate the oil from the water and the waxes. After that, the essential oil is collected.
The yield of grapefruit essential oil is between 0.16 and 0.2%.
Grapefruit can be deterpened by fractional distillation of the essential oil to separately collect grapefruit terpenes and a deterpenated essential oil, which concentrates the essential oil aldehydes, giving it more power.

Uses in perfumery :

Used in fresh, citrusy and cologne notes for a fruity facet.

Stability :

Solubility issues in perfumes
Citruses tend to fade through time in perfumes
Limonene tends to convert into Carvone through time, and to give a minthy note to the oil

Other comments :

Grapefruit comes from a hybridization between grapefruit and Sweet Orange EO. It was crossed for the first time in 1750 in Barbados, hence its original name of "Barbados grapefruit". Its name is taken from Dutch.
Florida is the largest producer of grapefruit.
Grapefruit can be used to extract natural D-Limonene, although orange is preferred, as it concentrates more.
The molecule that gives grapefruit its olfactory typicity is Nootkatone, present at 1% in the essential oil.
Citrus currently suffer from a disease called "citrus greening". This disease is deadly for citrus fruits and no treatment exists. It is transmitted by a vector insect that attacks young shoots: the psylla. This results in the premature death of many trees and therefore the decline in the general production of the essential oil and its quality (reduction of the D-Limonene level).

Grapefruit comes from a hybridization between grapefruit and Sweet Orange EO. It was crossed for the first time in 1750 in Barbados, hence its original name of "Barbados grapefruit". Its name is taken from Dutch.
Florida is the largest producer of grapefruit.
Grapefruit can be used to extract natural D-Limonene, although orange is preferred, as it concentrates more.
The molecule that gives grapefruit its olfactory typicity is Nootkatone, present at 1% in the essential oil.
Citrus currently suffer from a disease called "citrus greening". This disease is deadly for citrus fruits and no treatment exists. It is transmitted by a vector insect that attacks young shoots: the psylla. This results in the premature death of many trees and therefore the decline in the general production of the essential oil and its quality (reduction of the D-Limonene level).

Allergens :

D-Limonene

Signal word :

Danger

Hazard pictograms :

Precautionary statements :

IFRA 51^th :

This ingredient is restricted by the 51th amendment

Quantitative limit on the use :

Restricted ingredients due to phototoxicity considerations: notes
The Standard is set due to the phototoxic effects of Grapefruit oil expressed. For more detailed information on the application of this Standard, please refer to the note on phototoxic ingredients in chapter 1 of the Guidance for the use of IFRA Standards. If the level of furocoumarins is unknown, the restriction level specified in this IFRA Standard applies. Combination effects of phototoxic ingredients are only taken into consideration for the furocoumarin-containing fragrance ingredients (extracts) listed in the IFRA Standard of Citrus oils and other furocoumarins containing essential oils. If combinations of furocoumarin-containing phototoxic fragrance ingredients (extracts) are used, the use levels must be reduced accordingly. The sum of the concentrations of all furocoumarin-containing phototoxic fragrance ingredients (extracts), expressed in of their recommended upper concentration level in the consumer product shall not exceed 100. For qualities of the expressed oil in which the less volatile components have been concentrated by partial or total removal of the terpene fraction, this limit should be reduced in proportion to the degree of concentration.

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ScenTree is solely responsible for the information provided here.

To learn more about IFRA's standards : https://ifrafragrance.org/safe-use/library