Terpinolene

Uses in perfumery :

Terpinolene is mainly used in consumer products, especially in detergents, for lime and zesty notes, and to bring freshness and head to the fragrance. Adds a clean effect to the accord.

Year of discovery :

Data not available.

Natural availability :

Terpinolene is present in many natural raw materials. Among the most important are Cajuput EO, Blackcurrant Bud EO (the rate is very variable, up to 20%), Sweet Fennel EO and Lime EO. It can be extracted from all these raw materials.

Isomerism :

Terpinolene is the isomer of many other terpenes, including D-Limonene, alpha-Pinene and beta-Pinene and alpha-Terpinene. All are monoterpenes.

Synthesis precursor :

Terpinolene is the starting reagent for the synthesis of Terpinene-4-ol, by photooxidation, reduction of the obtained peroxide and selective hydrogenation of the intermediate alcohol then synthesized.

Synthesis route :

The majority of terpenes can be synthesized by a Diels-Alder reaction, which consists in reacting a molecule called "diene" and another "dienophile". In the case of Terpinolene, the position of its double bond makes its synthesis difficult. In the majority of cases, this molecule is extracted from a natural material. It can still be synthesized by reacting isoprene with acrylic acid by a Diels-Alder reaction. Then, the cyclic carboxylic acid obtained is placed in a very strong alkaline medium to allow a reaction with acetone. Therefore, the obtained intermediate molecule contains an alcohol group and a close acid group, and can be esterified by reaction with sulfuryl chloride. Finally, a decarboxylation can be carried out to form the double bond linked to the molecule ring.

Stability :

Terpenes tend to polymerize by oxydation.
Very unstable in alkaline functional bases as soap. In this base, its smell in not percievable.

Other comments :

Terpinolene is a monoterpene. This means, as for D-Limonene for example, that this molecule is composed of two units of isoprene, and that it has ten carbon and sixteen hydrogen atoms. This category of terpenes has many isomers. Among other terpinenes, gamma-Terpinene remains the most used, especially in functional products.

Allergens :

This ingredient is classified as an allergen under European Regulation 2023/1545, dated August 26, 2023.
Its presence must therefore be declared on product labels when it exceeds 0.001% in leave-on products and 0.01% in rinse-off products.

Signal word :

Danger

Hazard pictograms :

Precautionary statements :

IFRA 51^th :

This ingredient is not restricted for the 51th amendment