Photo credits: ScenTree SAS
Gamma-Terpinene
Citrus > Zesty > Terpenic
Menthadiene-para ; 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-1,4-diene ; Crithmene ; 1-methyl-4-isopropyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene ; Para-mentha-1,4-diene ; 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-1,4-cyclohexadiene ; 1-methyl-4-(1-methyl ethyl)-1,4-cyclohexadiene ; Moslene ; 1-isopropyl-4-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene ; 4-isopropyl-1-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene
Photo credits: ScenTree SAS
General Presentation
-
CAS N° :
99-85-4 -
EINECS number :
202-794-6 -
FEMA number :
3559 -
FLAVIS number :
1,02
-
JECFA number :
1340 -
Volatility :
Head -
Price Range :
€
Physico-chemical properties
-
Appearance :
Colorless liquid -
Density :
0,847 -
Refractive Index @20°C :
Donnée indisponible. -
Optical rotation :
Donnée indisponible. -
Vapor pressure :
Donnée indisponible. -
Flash Point :
56°C (132,8°F)
-
Molecular formula :
C10H16 -
Molecular Weight :
136,24 g/mol -
Log P :
4,5 -
Fusion Point :
-10°C (14°F) -
Boiling Point :
182°C (359,6°F) -
Detection Threshold :
Donnée indisponible.
Chemistry & Uses
Uses in perfumery :
Gamma-Terpinene is used in fresh and zesty citrus notes, for a top note contribution. Gives a terpenic effect to a citrus note. Widely used in consumer products, detergents and other household products.
Year of discovery :
Data not available.
Natural availability :
Gamma-Terpinene is present in a large quantity (around 20%) in Ajowan EO, a seed grown in southern India, botanically close to caraway and cumin. This molecule is also found in Bergamot EO, Cumin EO, Cajuput EO, Eucalyptus delegatensis EO (Ethiopian variety) and Grapefruit EO among others. It can be extracted from all these essential oils by fractional distillation.
| Ingredient | % min | % max |
|---|---|---|
| Bergamot oil (expressed) | 6 | 10 |
| Citron oil | 6 | 22 |
| Lemon oil (expressed) (Usa (Coast)) | 8.30 | 9.50 |
| Lemon oil (expressed) (Usa (Desert)) | 6.50 | 8 |
| Lemon oil (expressed) (Spain) | 8 | 12 |
| Lemon oil (expressed) (Italia) | 8 | 12 |
| Lemon oil (expressed) (Ivory Coast / Brazil) | 6 | 12 |
| Lemon oil (steam distilled) | 10 | |
| Coriander seed oil | 2 | 14 |
| Cumin seed oil | 14 | 32 |
| Lime oil distilled | 8 | |
| Sweet marjoram oil | 14 | 20 |
| Nutmeg oil | 2 | 6 |
| Origanum oil | 3 | 9 |
| Petitgrain mandarin oil | 22 | 27 |
| Timur pepper PURE JUNGLE ESSENCE™ | 1 | |
| Ledum groenlandicum oil | ||
| Thyme oil (red) (CT Thymol) | 5 | 10 |
| Eucalyptus PURE JUNGLE ESSENCE™ | ||
| Zygis thyme oil | 4 | 13 |
Isomerism :
Gamma-Terpinene is the isomer of many other terpenes, including D-Limonene, alpha-Pinene and beta-Pinene and alpha-Terpinene. The latter isomer has a smell that is quite close to gamma-Terpinene, although it is closer to Lime EO, and slightly less terpenic.
Synthesis precursor :
Gamma-Terpinene can be used for the synthesis of other terpenses and sesquiterpenes, always by Diels-Alder reaction. It can be used in other various reactions, such as a hydrolysis reaction. Its structure has a wide range of possible reactions.
Synthesis route :
Like many terpenes, the reaction to obtain Gamma-Terpinene is a Diels-Alder reaction. It involves reacting a molecule called "diene" with another called "dienophile" to cyclize the molecule. Here, Isoprene (diene) can react with 3-methylbutyne (dienophile). Therefore, gamma-Terpinene results directly from this reaction.
Stability :
Terpenes tend to polymerize by oxydation.
Very unstable in alkaline functional bases as soap. In this base, its smell in not percievable.
Other comments :
Gamma-Terpinene is a monoterpene. This means, as for D-Limonene for example, that this molecule is composed of two units of isoprene, and that it has ten carbon and sixteen hydrogen atoms. This category of terpenes has many isomers. Among other terpinenes, gamma-Terpinene remains the most used, especially in functional products.
The smell of Gamma-Terpinene is less citric than the one of Alpha-Terpinene.
Labelling
Allergens :
This ingredient does not contain any allergen.
Signal word :
Danger
Hazard pictograms :
Precautionary statements :
| HAZARD | PRECAUTION |
|---|---|
| H226 Flammable liquid and vapour.
H304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. |
P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P301 + P310 IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor/… P331 Do NOT induce vomiting. |
IFRA
IFRA 51th :
This ingredient is not restricted for the 51th amendment
