Clove leaf oil

Chemotypes :

The genus Syzygium Gaertn. regroups 1400 species. The clove tree is the most cultivated of all these species.
The greatest diversity of species for this botanical genus comes from Malaysia and South West Australia where many species are very little known and very little used.

Extraction process :

The oval clove leaves end in a pointed shape. Their color is pink at first, then turns green when mature.
Clove cultivation in Indonesia covers more than 470,000 hectares (2010). The leaves are manually removed and placed in cloth bags, taken to the factory to crush and dry the leaves, after weighing the bags. After drying, the leaves are sent to the extractor, where their steam distillation allows to recover an essential oil with a yield of about 3.5%, after 8 hours of extraction. The essential oil of clove leaf is recovered at the end of the process in a decanter, separating from the distillation water.
Indonesia produces about 2500 tons of essential oil of clove leaf each year. This essential oil is mainly used to extract natural Eugenol.
In addition, it should be noted that cloves can also be extracted to obtain clove essential oil. It contains about the same level of Eugenol but is much more concentrated in Eugenyl Acetate at the expense of Caryophyllene.

Uses in perfumery :

Used in carnation, rose and white flowers accords. Very little used because of an old, heavy and voluminous effect it can bring.

Stability :

Aromatic compounds can be chromophoric and cause a coloration of the oil, especially in alkaline bases
The terpenes identified in this raw material can polymerize when they are oxidized

Other comments :

Clove leaf essential oil is one of the largest sources of natural Eugenol, containing about 80% of it.
The composition of clove leaves essential oil allows a better profitability than the buds as for the isolation of Eugenol (carried out by adding soda).
Clove leaf essential oil must comply with standards guided by the ASTA (American Spice Trade Association) and FDA (Food and Drug Administration). These standards concern the physico-chemical properties of the essential oil.
An adulteration of the essential oil of clove leaf is possible with synthetic Eugenol, without the oil having its physico-chemical standards changed too much.

Clove leaf essential oil is one of the largest sources of natural Eugenol, containing about 80% of it.
The composition of clove leaves essential oil allows a better profitability than the buds as for the isolation of Eugenol (carried out by adding soda).
Clove leaf essential oil must comply with standards guided by the ASTA (American Spice Trade Association) and FDA (Food and Drug Administration). These standards concern the physico-chemical properties of the essential oil.
An adulteration of the essential oil of clove leaf is possible with synthetic Eugenol, without the oil having its physico-chemical standards changed too much.

Allergens :

This ingredient is classified as an allergen under European Regulation 2023/1545, dated August 26, 2023.
Its presence must therefore be declared on product labels when it exceeds 0.001% in leave-on products and 0.01% in rinse-off products.

Signal word :

Danger

Hazard pictograms :

Precautionary statements :

IFRA 51^th :

This ingredient is not restricted for the 51th amendment